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Sepsis & Host Response SepsisHost ResponseWellness

IL-10

Interleukin 10

Also known as: CSIF

Primary anti-inflammatory cytokine — its expression ratio with pro-inflammatory markers defines sepsis phenotype.

Biological Function

IL-10 is the most potent endogenous anti-inflammatory cytokine. It suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), inhibits antigen presentation (via HLA-DR downregulation), and promotes regulatory T cell differentiation. While essential for preventing immune-mediated tissue damage, excessive IL-10 production drives the immunoparalysis that makes sepsis patients vulnerable to secondary infections.

Why Biomeme Monitors This Target

The IL-6/IL-10 ratio is one of the most informative transcriptomic metrics in critical care. High IL-6 with low IL-10 indicates hyper-inflammation; high IL-10 with suppressed HLA-DR indicates immunoparalysis. Monitoring both simultaneously with Biomeme's multiplexed platform enables real-time immune phenotyping — determining whether a sepsis patient needs anti-inflammatory or immunostimulatory intervention.

Expression Context

Upregulated as a counter-regulatory response to inflammation. Persistently elevated IL-10 in sepsis indicates immune exhaustion and predicts poor outcomes. Returns to baseline with immune recovery.

Signaling Pathway

Inflammation IL-10 Transcription IL-10R JAK1/STAT3 Suppression of Pro-inflammatory Genes

Monitor IL-10 Expression.

Biomeme's multiplexed platform can include IL-10 in a custom panel alongside up to 47 other molecular targets — in a single rapid run.

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