Mitochondrial & Oxidative Stress LongevityWellnessPerformance

NRF2

Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2

Also known as: NFE2L2

Master regulator of the antioxidant defense system.

Biological Function

NRF2 is a transcription factor that controls the expression of over 200 cytoprotective genes. Under oxidative stress, NRF2 escapes KEAP1-mediated degradation, translocates to the nucleus, and activates antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven genes including SOD2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and heme oxygenase-1. NRF2 activation is a primary defense against oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Why Biomeme Monitors This Target

NRF2 pathway activation is a convergence point for mitochondrial peptides (SS-31, MOTS-c) and longevity interventions. Monitoring NRF2 target gene expression provides a direct readout of whether antioxidant defense systems are being upregulated — critical for assessing mitochondria-targeted therapies.

Expression Context

Activated by oxidative stress, exercise, and certain phytochemicals (sulforaphane, curcumin). Activity declines with age, contributing to increased oxidative damage in aging.